ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY OF INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES

1) Introduction to Process Analytical Chemistry.
2) Sampling for analytical purposes. Process sampling systems.
3) Data domains and signal elaboration. Sources of noise in instrumental analysis and signal-to-noise optimization strategies.
4) Principles of chemical sensors. Types, preparation and properties of sensors for in-line analytical applications.
5) Electrochemical sensors. Potentiometry and ion-selective electrodes. Ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFET). High-temperature potentiometric oxygen sensor in combustion process monitoring. Amperometric sensors and biosensors. Applications of electrochemical sensors in bioprocess monitoring and control.
6) Conductometric sensors. Resistive and capacitive gas sensors. Impedance humidity sensors.
7) Optical sensors. Optical fibers as a basis for optical sensors. Design of selective optical sensors.
8) Automated methods of analysis. Flow injection analysis and applications in industrial biotechnology.
9) On-line chromatographic techniques. Process gas-chromatography (GC) and liquid-chromatography. Multidimensional chromatography. Applications of GC and multidimensional GC in the petrochemical industry. On-line liquid chromatography for protein characterization in continuous bioprocessing.
10) Optical spectroscopy for process analyses. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy: instrumentation design and sampling interface. Practical examples of IR and Raman analytical applications in the pharmaceutical industry.