ENVIRONMENTAL FLUID MECHANICS

General principles: mass and energy balances; molecular diffusion; solutions of the advection-diffusion equation. Ensemble and temporal averages; ensemble mean concentration; ensemble mean cloud and ensemble mean of clouds; turbulent diffusion; turbulent diffusion coefficients. Hydrodynamic dispersion; depth averaged mass conservation equation and related mixing coefficients; longitudinal mixing in a plane flow (Elder approach); cross sectionally averaged mass conservation equation; derivation of the longidutinal dispersion coefficient and estimation methodologies. Transport and mixing in rivers: mass balance equation; Streeter-Phelps equation and its improvements. Dissolved Oxygen dynamics in wide rivers and estuaries. Introduction to the theory of density currents and its application to water bodies, specifically to the estuaries (salt wedge).